Name two aminoglycoside antibiotics used in TB and their main toxicities.

• A. Streptomycin and Amikacin; nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
• B. Kanamycin and Capreomycin; neurotoxicity.
• C. Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide; hepatotoxicity.
• D. Isoniazid and Rifampin; hepatotoxicity.

Answer: (A)

Aminoglycosides used in TB include Streptomycin and Amikacin, and their main toxicities are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. These drugs can accumulate in the kidneys and in the inner ear, leading to kidney injury and hearing or balance problems, and the risk rises with higher doses or longer treatment. This makes nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity the most notable adverse effects to watch for with these agents. Other options mix drugs that aren’t aminoglycosides (like Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide, which affect the optic nerve and liver, respectively) or list toxicities not typically emphasized for those drugs (Isoniazid and Rifampin are mainly hepatotoxic). Kanamycin and Capreomycin are also aminoglycosides, but their notable toxicity isn’t correctly described as neurotoxicity in this context.